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cause to cover

  • 1 superextendo

    sŭpĕr-extendo, ĕre, 3, v. a., to stretch over, cause to cover:

    in aliquo cutem,

    Vulg. Ezek. 37, 6. —
    II.
    To stretch excessively:

    nos,

    Vulg. 2 Cor. 10, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > superextendo

  • 2 operio

    ŏpĕrĭo, ŭi, ertum, 4 (archaic fut. operibo: ego operibo caput, Pompon. ap. Non. 507, 33; imperf. operibat, Prop. 4, 12, 35), v. a. [pario, whence the opp. aperio, to uncover; cf. paro], to cover, cover over any thing (class.; syn.: tego, velo, induo).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Operire capita, Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 34; cf.:

    capite operto esse,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34:

    operiri umerum cum toto jugulo,

    Quint. 11, 3, 141; id. praef. § 24.—Esp., of clothing:

    aeger multā veste operiendus est,

    Cels. 3, 7 fin.; so in Vulg. Isa. 58, 7; id. Ezech. 18, 7 et saep.:

    fons fluctu totus operiretur, nisi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 53, § 118:

    summas amphoras auro et argento,

    Nep. Hann. 9, 3:

    mons nubibus,

    Ov. P. 4, 5, 5:

    (rhombos) quos operit glacies Maeotica,

    Juv. 4, 42.—Comically: aliquem loris, to cover over, i. e. to lash soundly, Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 28:

    reliquias malae pugnae,

    i. e. to bury, Tac. A. 15, 28:

    operiet eos formido,

    Vulg. Ezech. 7, 18; id. Jer. 3, 25.—
    B.
    Transf., to shut, close (syn.:

    claudo, praecludo, obsero): fores,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 1:

    ostium,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 33:

    iste opertā lecticā latus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 41, 106: oculos, to shut, close (opp. patefacere), Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150; cf.:

    opertos compressosve (oculos),

    Quint. 11, 2, 76.—
    II.
    Trop.
    1.
    To hide, conceal, keep from observation, dissemble:

    quo pacto hoc operiam?

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 6 Bentl. (al. aperiam):

    non in oratione operiendā sunt quaedam,

    Quint. 2, 13, 12:

    quotiens dictu deformia operit,

    id. 8, 6, 59; cf. id. 5, 12, 18:

    luctum,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 6:

    domestica mala tristitia,

    Tac. A. 3, 18.—
    2.
    To overwhelm, burden, [p. 1268] as with shame, etc. (only in part. perf. pass.):

    contumeliis opertus,

    loaded, overwhelmed, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 111; cf.:

    judicia operta dedecore et infamiā,

    id. Clu. 22, 61:

    infamiā,

    Tac. H. 3, 69.—
    3.
    Of sin, to atone for, cover, cause to be forgotten (eccl. Lat.):

    qui converti fecerit peccatorem, operiet multitudinem peccatorum,

    Vulg. Jac. 5, 20; id. 1 Pet. 4, 8.— ŏpertus, a, um, P. a., hidden, concealed (class.):

    operta quae fuere, aperta sunt,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 9:

    res,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 2, 5:

    operta bella,

    Verg. G. 1, 465:

    cineres,

    Hor. C. 2, 8, 9:

    hamum,

    id. S. 1, 16, 50.—As subst.: ŏpertum, i, n., a secret place or thing, a secret; an ambiguous answer, dark oracle, etc.:

    Apollinis operta,

    the dark, ambiguous oracles, Cic. Div. 1, 50, 115:

    telluris operta subire,

    the depths, Verg. A. 6, 140: opertum Bonae Deae, the secret place or secret service, Cic. Par. 4, 2, 32:

    litterarum,

    a secret, Gell. 17, 9, 22.— Adv.: ŏpertē, covertly, figuratively (post-class.):

    operte et symbolice,

    Gell. 4, 11, 10.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > operio

  • 3 premō

        premō essī, essus, ere    [PREM-], to press: ad pectora natos, V.: anguem humi, to tread on, V.: membra paterna rotis, i. e. drove her chariot over the body, O.: trabes Premunt columnas, press upon, H.: ubera plena, i. e. milk, O.: frena manu, grasp, O.: dente frena, champ, O.: grana ore suo, chew, O.: presso molari, with compressed teeth, Iu.: pressum lac, i. e. cheese, V.: quod surgente die mulsere, Nocte premunt, make into cheese, V.: litus, hug the shore, H.— To press out, express, obtain by pressing: pressa tuis balanus capillis, i. e. balsam, H.: oleum, express, H.— To press upon, lie on, rest on, be upon: humum, O.: toros, O.: hoc quod premis habeto, O.: pharetram cervice, O.— To cover, bury, suppress, hide: alqd terrā, H.: Omne lucrum tenebris premebat humus, O.: ossa male pressa, i. e. buried, O.: Conlectum sub naribus ignem, repressing (of a horse), V.— To cover, crown, adorn: ut premerer sacrā lauro, H.: Fronde crinem, V.— To press hard, bear upon, crowd, throng, pursue closely: Hac fugerent Grai, premeret Troiana iuventus, thronged, V.: Hinc Rutulus premit, V.: hostīs ex loco superiore, Cs.: naves cum adversarios premerent acrius, N.: Trīs famulos, i. e. kill., V.: ad retia cervom, chase, V.— To press down, burden, load, freight: Nescia quem premeret, on whose back she sat, O.: pressae carinae, loaded, V.— To press down, depress, cause to sink: sors, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit, O.: mundus ut ad Scythiam Consurgit, premitur, etc., is depressed, V.: dentīs in vite, O.: presso sub vomere, V.: cubito remanete presso, i. e. rest on your couches, H.— To mark, impress: littera articulo pressa tremente, written, O.: multā via pressa rotā, O.— To set out, plant: virgulta per agros, V.: pressae propaginis arcūs, layers, V.— To press down, make deep, impress: vestigio leviter presso: sulcum, draw a furrow, V.: cavernae in altitudinem pressae, Cu.— To press close, compress, close, shut: oculos, V.: fauces, O.: laqueo collum, strangle, H.: praecordia senis, stop the breath, Iu.: quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis, choked, Iu. — To shorten, keep down, prune: falce vitem, H.: luxuriem falce, O.— To check, arrest: vestigia, V. — To visit frequently, frequent: forum.—Fig., to press, be pressing, burden, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down: necessitas eum premebat: aerumnae, quae me premunt, S.: pressus gravitate soporis, O.: aere alieno premi, Cs.: premi periculis.— To press, press upon, urge, drive, importune, pursue, press hard: cum a me premeretur: Criminibus premunt veris, urge, O.: a plerisque ad exeundum premi, to be importuned, N.: Numina nulla premunt, V.: (deus) Os rabidum fingit premendo, i. e. by his inspiration, V.— To follow up, press home, urge, dwell upon: argumentum etiam atque etiam: (vocem) pressit, i. e. laid to heart, V.— To cover, hide, conceal: dum nocte premuntur, V.: iam te premet nox, H.— To lower, pull down, humble, degrade, disparage, depreciate: premebat eum factio, kept him down, L.: hunc prensantem premebat nobilitas, opposed his candidacy, L.: arma Latini, V.: opuscula (opp. laudet ametque), H.— To compress, abridge, condense: haec Zeno sic premebat.— To check, arrest, repress, restrain: cursum ingeni tui, Brute, premit haec clades: vocem, to be silent, V. — To surpass, exceed, overshadow: Facta premant annos, O.: ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat, O.— To keep down, rule: ventos imperio, V.: Mycenas servitio, V.
    * * *
    premere, pressi, pressus V
    press, press hard, pursue; oppress; overwhelm

    Latin-English dictionary > premō

  • 4 obscuro

    obscūro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [id.], to render dark, to darken, obscure (class.; syn.: obumbro, opaco).
    I.
    Lit.:

    obscuratur et offunditur luce solis lumen lucernae,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 45:

    nitor solis,

    Cat. 66, 3:

    finitimas regiones eruptione Aetnaeorum ignium,

    id. N. D. 2, 38, 96:

    caelum nocte atque nubibus obscuratum,

    Sall. J. 38, 5:

    volucres Aethera obscurant pennis,

    Verg. A. 12, 253: nebula caelum obscurabat, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 489, 10: obscuratus sol, obscured, [p. 1241] eclipsed, Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25; 2, 10, 17; Tac. A. 14, 12; Vulg. Matt. 24, 29; id. Apoc. 9, 2; Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 1:

    visus obscuratus,

    dimmed eyesight, Plin. 8, 27, 41, § 99.—
    B.
    Transf., to hide, conceal, cover; to render invisible or imperceptible:

    neque nox tenebris obscurare coetus nefarios potest,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 6:

    caput obscurante lacernā,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 55:

    caput dextra,

    Petr. 134:

    dolo ipsi et signa militaria obscurati,

    concealed, kept out of sight, Sall. J. 49, 5:

    nummus in Croesi divitiis obscuratur,

    disappears, is lost, Cic. Fin. 4, 12, 3:

    tenebrae non obscurabuntur a te,

    Vulg. Psa. 138, 12.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To blind, darken, becloud the understanding:

    scio amorem tibi Pectus obscurasse,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 41.—
    B.
    Of speech, to obscure, render indistinct; to deliver or express indistinctly: si erunt mihi plura ad te scribenda, allêgoriais obscurabo, Cic. Att. 2, 20, 3:

    nihil dicendo,

    id. Clu. 1, 1:

    aliquid callide,

    Quint. 5, 13, 41; cf. id. 8, 2, 18:

    stilum affectatione,

    to render obscure, Suet. Tib. 70.—
    C.
    Of sound, to pronounce indistinctly:

    (M) neque eximitur sed obscuratur,

    is pronounced indistinctly, Quint. 9, 4, 40: vocem, to render dull or indistinct, id. 11, 3, 20.—
    D.
    To obscure, cover with obscurity; to render unknown: paupertas quorum obscurat nomina, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Trag. v. 73 Vahl.):

    fortuna res cunctas ex lubidine magis, quam ex vero celebrat obscuratque,

    Sall. C. 8, 1.—
    E.
    (Acc. to I. B.) To suppress, hide, conceal:

    quod obscurari non potest,

    Cic. Arch. 11, 26:

    laudes,

    id. Marcell. 9, 31:

    veritatem,

    Quint. 4, 2, 64.—Hence, to obscure, cause to be forgotten, render of no account:

    magnitudo lucri obscurabat periculi magnitudinem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 57, § 131.—In pass.: obscurari, to become obscure or of no account, to grow obsolete, etc.:

    sin dicit obscurari quaedam nec apparere, quia valde parva sint, nos quoque concedimus,

    id. Fin. 4, 12, 29:

    omnis eorum memoria sensim obscurata est et evanuit,

    id. de Or. 2, 23, 95; cf. id. Fragm. ap. Mart. Cap. 5, § 509:

    obscurata vocabula,

    obsolete, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 115.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obscuro

  • 5 onero

    ŏnĕro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [onus].
    I.
    To load, lade, burden, freight with any thing (class.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    navim magnam multis mercibus,

    Plaut. Men. prol. 25:

    naves, ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque, paulo facit humiliores,

    for loading expeditiously, Caes. B. G. 5, 1:

    jumenta,

    Sall. J. 75, 6:

    naves commeatu, etc.,

    id. ib. 86, 1:

    costas aselli pomis,

    Verg. G. 1, 274:

    tauri cervix oneratur aratro,

    is loaded, burdened, Ov. A. A. 1, 19:

    aures lapillis,

    id. ib. 3, 129; cf.:

    umerum pallio,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 4:

    ventrem,

    to load, fill, Sall. Or. Rep. Ord. 1:

    epulis onerari,

    to overload, gorge one's self, Ov. P. 1, 10, 31:

    vino et epulis onerati,

    Sall. J. 76, 6:

    cibus, qui in aegritudine alat neque oneret,

    without oppressing the stomach, Plin. 29, 3, 11, § 48:

    vaccas,

    to cause them to be covered, Pall. 8, 4.—
    2.
    Transf., in gen., to load, cover ( poet.):

    dapibus mensas onerare,

    to cover, Verg. G. 4, 133:

    manusque ambas jaculis oneravit acutis,

    id. A. 10, 868:

    jaculo palmas oneravit acuto,

    i. e. armed, id. ib. 11, 574 (but armavit is the better read.; v. Forbig. ad loc.): membra [p. 1266] sepulcro, id. ib. 10, 558; cf.:

    ossa aggere terrae,

    id. ib. 11, 212:

    aliquem saxis,

    to stone, Phaedr. 3, 2, 4.—
    B.
    Trop., to load, burden, weary; to oppress, overwhelm, overload (with good or evil; cf. Forbig. ad Verg. A. 10, 620), etc.:

    me amoenitate oneravit dies,

    has overwhelmed me, Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 7.:

    laetitiā senem,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 47:

    malignitateomnis mortalis,

    id. ib. 3, 1, 5:

    diem commoditatibus,

    Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 1:

    aliquem mendaciis,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 7; cf. Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 61:

    judicem argumentis,

    id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:

    aethera votis,

    Verg. A. 9, 24:

    verbis lassas onerantibus aures,

    Hor. S. 1, 10, 10:

    aliquem pugnis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 172:

    maledictis,

    id. Ps. 1, 3, 123; cf.

    contumeliis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 99; for which only absol. Sejanum, Tac. A. 4. 68:

    aliquem injuriis,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 8:

    aliquem malis,

    Verg. A. 4, 549:

    aliquem laudibus,

    Liv. 4, 13:

    spe praemiorum,

    id. 35, 11:

    promissis,

    Sall. J. 12, 3:

    honoribus,

    Just. 5, 4, 13.—
    C.
    Transf., to make heavier or more burdensome, to render more oppressive, to heighten, to aggravate (only since the Aug. per.;

    esp. freq. in Tac. and the younger Plin.): injuriam alicujus invidiā,

    Liv. 38, 56 fin.:

    pericula alicujus,

    Tac. A. 16, 30:

    curas,

    id. H. 2, 52:

    delectum avaritiā et luxu,

    to aggravate, make worse, render more odious, id. ib. 4, 14:

    onerat te quaesturae tuae famā, quam ex Bithyniā optimam revexisti,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 24, 8; 1, 8, 5; id. Pan. 24, 1; 73, 6.—
    II.
    To load, stow, or heap up any thing in any thing ( poet.):

    vina cadis,

    Verg. A. 1, 195:

    canistris Dona Cereris,

    id. ib. 8, 180.— Hence, ŏnĕrātus, a, um, P. a., filled, full; with gen.: oneratus frugum et floris Liberi, Pac. ap. Non. 498, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 95 Rib.).—
    B.
    Loaded, i. e. deceived, befooled:

    ille est oneratus recte,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 115:

    ego illum probe jam oneratum huc admovebo,

    id. Mil. 3, 3, 61.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > onero

  • 6 premo

    prĕmo, essi, essum, 3, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. prelum], to press (class.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    pede pedem alicui premere,

    Plaut. As. 4, 1, 30:

    et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

    Verg. A. 7, 518:

    veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens,

    id. ib. 2, 379:

    novercae Monstra manu premens,

    id. ib. 8, 288:

    pressit et inductis membra paterna rotis,

    i. e. drove her chariot over her father's body, Ov. Ib. 366:

    trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas,

    press, rest heavily upon them, Hor. C. 2, 18, 3:

    premere terga genu alicujus,

    Ov. Am. 3, 2, 24:

    ubera plena,

    i. e. to milk, id. F. 4, 769:

    vestigia alicujus,

    to tread in, to follow one's footsteps, Tac. A. 2, 14:

    nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,

    Juv. 1, 43:

    dente frena,

    to bite, to champ, Ov. M. 10, 704:

    ore aliquid,

    to chew, eat, id. ib. 5, 538; cf.:

    aliquid morsu,

    Lucr. 3, 663:

    presso molari,

    with compressed teeth, Juv. 5, 160:

    pressum lac,

    i. e. cheese, Verg. E. 1, 82.—In mal. part.:

    Hister Peucen premerat Antro,

    forced, Val. Fl. 8, 256:

    uxorem,

    Suet. Calig. 25.—Of animals:

    feminas premunt galli,

    Mart. 3, 57, 17.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Poet., to bear down upon, to touch:

    premere litora,

    Ov. M. 14, 416:

    litus,

    to keep close to the shore, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3:

    aëra,

    i. e. to fly, Luc. 7, 835.—
    2.
    Poet., to hold fast, hold, firmly grasp:

    premere frena manu,

    Ov. M. 8, 37:

    ferrum,

    to grasp, Sil. 5, 670:

    capulum,

    id. 2, 615.—
    3.
    Poet., to press a place with one's body, i. e. to sit, stand, lie, fall, or seat one's self on any thing:

    toros,

    Ov. H. 12, 30:

    sedilia,

    id. M. 5, 317:

    hoc quod premis habeto,

    id. ib. 5, 135:

    et pictam positā pharetram cervice premebat,

    id. ib. 2, 421:

    humum,

    to lie on the ground, id. Am. 3, 5, 16; cf. id. F. 4, 844:

    frondes tuo premis ore caducas,

    id. M. 9, 650; Sen. Hippol. 510.—
    4.
    To cover, to conceal by covering (mostly poet.):

    aliquid terrā,

    to conceal, bury in the earth, Hor. Epod. 1, 33:

    nonumque prematur in annum,

    kept back, suppressed, id. A. P. 388:

    omne lucrum tenebris alta premebat humus,

    Ov. Am. 3, 8, 36:

    ossa male pressa,

    i. e. buried, id. Tr. 5, 3, 39; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; hence, to crown, to cover or adorn with any thing:

    ut premerer sacrā lauro,

    Hor. C. 3, 4, 18:

    molli Fronde crinem,

    Verg. A. 4, 147:

    canitiem galeā,

    id. ib. 9, 612:

    mitrā capillos,

    Ov. F. 4, 517; cf. Verg. A. 5, 556.—
    5.
    To make, form, or shape any thing by pressing ( poet.):

    quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, Nocte premunt,

    they make into cheese, Verg. G. 3, 400:

    os fingit premendo,

    id. A. 6, 80:

    caseos,

    id. E. 1, 35:

    mollem terram,

    Vulg. Sap. 15, 7; Calp. Ecl. 5, 34.—
    6.
    To press hard upon, bear down upon, to crowd, pursue closely:

    hostes de loco superiore,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

    Pompeiani nostros premere et instare coeperunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 46:

    hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus,

    Verg. A. 1, 467:

    Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius,

    Nep. Hann. 11, 5:

    hinc Rutulus premit, et murum circumsonat armis,

    Verg. A. 8, 473:

    obsidione urbem,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 32.—Of the pursuit or chase of animals:

    ad retia cervum,

    Verg. G. 3, 413:

    spumantis apri cursum clamore,

    id. A. 1, 324:

    bestias venatione,

    Isid. 10, 282.—
    7.
    To press down, burden, load, freight:

    nescia quem premeret,

    on whose back she sat, Ov. M. 2, 869:

    tergum equi,

    id. ib. 8, 34;

    14, 343: et natat exuviis Graecia pressa suis,

    Prop. 4, 1, 114 (5, 1, 116):

    pressae carinae,

    Verg. G. 1, 303:

    pressus membra mero,

    Prop. 2, 12 (3, 7), 42:

    magno et gravi onere armorum pressi,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

    auro phaleras,

    to adorn, Stat. Th. 8, 567.—
    8.
    To press into, force in, press upon:

    (caprum) dentes in vite prementem,

    Ov. F. 1, 355:

    presso sub vomere,

    Verg. G. 2, 356; cf.:

    presso aratro,

    Tib. 4, 1, 161:

    alte ensem in corpore,

    Stat. Th. 11, 542:

    et nitidas presso pollice finge comas,

    Prop. 3, 8 (4, 9), 14:

    et cubito remanete presso,

    leaning upon, Hor. C. 1, 27, 8. —
    b.
    To make with any thing ( poet.):

    aeternā notā,

    Ov. F. 6, 610:

    littera articulo pressa tremente,

    id. H. 10, 140:

    multā via pressa rotā,

    id. ib. 18, 134.—
    9.
    To press down, let down, cause to sink down, to lower:

    nec preme, nec summum molire per aethera currum,

    Ov. M. 2, 135:

    humanaeque memor sortis, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit,

    id. Tr. 3, 11, 67:

    mundus ut ad Scythiam Rhiphaeasque arduus arces Consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros,

    sinks down, Verg. G. 1, 240; Sen. Herc. Fur. 155. —
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    To set, plant:

    virgulta per agros,

    Verg. G. 2, 346; 26.—
    (β).
    To make or form by pressing down, to make any thing deep, to dig:

    vestigio leviter presso,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; cf.

    (trop.): vestigia non pressa leviter, sed fixa,

    id. Sest. 5, 13:

    sulcum premere,

    to draw a furrow, Verg. A. 10, 296:

    fossam transversam, inter montes pressit (al. percussit),

    Front. Strat. 1, 5:

    fossa pressa,

    Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 4:

    cavernae in altitudinem pressae,

    Curt. 5, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    To strike to the ground, to strike down:

    tres famulos,

    Verg. A. 9, 329:

    paucos,

    Tac. H. 4, 2.—
    10.
    To press closely, compress, press together, close:

    oculos,

    Verg. A. 9, 487:

    alicui fauces,

    Ov. M. 12, 509:

    laqueo collum,

    to strangle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37:

    angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,

    Ov. M. 9, 78:

    presso gutture,

    compressed, Verg. G. 1, 410; cf.:

    siquidem unius praecordia pressit ille (boletus) senis,

    i. e. stopped his breath, Juv. 6, 621:

    quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis,

    choked, id. 14, 221:

    amplexu presso,

    united, in close embrace, Sen. Oedip. 192:

    oscula jungere pressa,

    to exchange kisses, Ov. H. 2, 94; so,

    pressa basia,

    Mart. 6, 34, 1:

    presso gradu incedere,

    in close ranks, foot to foot, Liv. 28, 14:

    pede presso,

    id. 8, 8.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    To shorten, tighten, draw in:

    pressis habenis,

    Verg. A. 11, 600 (cf.:

    laxas dure habenas,

    id. ib. 1, 63).—
    (β).
    To keep short, prune:

    Calenā falce vitem,

    Hor. C. 1, 31, 9:

    luxuriem falce,

    Ov. M. 14, 628:

    falce premes umbras (i. e. arbores umbrantes),

    Verg. G. 1, 157; 4, 131:

    molle salictum,

    Calp. Ecl. 5, 110.—
    (γ).
    To check, arrest, stop:

    premere sanguinem,

    Tac. A. 15, 64:

    vestigia pressit,

    Verg. A. 6, 197:

    attoniti pressere gradum,

    Val. Fl. 2, 424 ' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore, was silent, Verg. A. 6, 155.—
    11.
    To press out, bring out by pressure:

    tenerā sucos pressere medullā,

    Luc. 4, 318; cf.: (equus) collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 95, 68, and id. G. 3, 85 Rib.—
    12.
    To frequent: feci ut cotidie praesentem me viderent, habitavi in [p. 1441] oculis, pressi forum, Cic. Planc. 27, 66.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To press, press upon, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down; to urge, drive, importune, pursue, to press close or hard, etc. (class.):

    ego istum pro suis factis pessumis pessum premam,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49 Lorenz ad loc.:

    quae necessitas eum tanta premebat, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

    ea, quae premant, et ea, quae impendeant,

    id. Fam. 9, 1, 2:

    aerumnae, quae me premunt,

    Sall. J. 14, 22:

    pressus gravitate soporis,

    bound by heavy, deep sleep, Ov. M. 15, 21:

    cum aut aere alieno, aut magnitudine tributorum, aut injuriā potentium premuntur,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

    invidia et odio populi premi,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

    premi periculis,

    id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

    cum a me premeretur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139; cf.:

    aliquem verbo,

    id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:

    criminibus veris premere aliquem,

    Ov. M. 14, 401:

    cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, exire noluit,

    was pressed, urged, importuned, Nep. Ages. 6, 1:

    a Pompeii procuratoribus sescentis premi coeptus est,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3: numina nulla premunt;

    mortali urgemur ab hoste,

    Verg. A. 10, 375:

    premere reum voce, vultu,

    Tac. A. 3, 67:

    crimen,

    to pursue obstinately, Quint. 7, 2, 12:

    confessionem,

    to force a confession from one, id. 7, 1, 29:

    argumentum etiam atque etiam,

    to pursue steadily, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

    ancipiti mentem formidine pressus,

    Verg. A. 3, 47:

    maerore pressa,

    Sen. Oct. 103:

    veritate pressus negare non potuit,

    overcome, overpowered, Lact. 4, 13.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To repress, hide, conceal (mostly poet.):

    dum nocte premuntur,

    Verg. A. 6, 827:

    curam sub corde,

    id. ib. 4, 332:

    odium,

    Plin. Pan. 62:

    iram,

    Tac. A. 6, 50:

    pavorem et consternationem mentis vultu,

    id. ib. 13, 16:

    interius omne secretum,

    Sen. Ep. 3, 4:

    dolorem silentio,

    Val. Max. 3, 3, 1 ext.; cf. silentia, Sil. 12, 646:

    aliquid ore,

    Verg. A. 7, 103:

    jam te premet nox,

    Hor. C. 1, 4, 16.—
    2.
    To lower, diminish, undervalue, disparage, depreciate:

    premendorum superiorum arte sese extollebat,

    Liv. 22, 12:

    arma Latini,

    Verg. A. 11, 402:

    opuscula ( = deprimere atque elevare),

    Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 36:

    famam alicujus,

    Tac. A. 15, 49:

    premere ac despicere,

    Quint. 11, 1, 16:

    premere tumentia, humilia extollere,

    id. ib. 10, 4, 1.—
    b.
    To surpass, exceed:

    facta premant annos,

    Ov. M. 7, 449:

    ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat,

    id. P. 3, 1, 116:

    quantum Latonia Nymphas Virgo premit,

    Stat. S. 1, 2, 115.—
    c.
    To rule ( poet.):

    dicione premere populos,

    Verg. A. 7, 737:

    imperio,

    id. ib. 1, 54:

    Mycenas Servitio premet,

    id. ib. 1, 285.—
    3.
    To suppress, pull down, humble, degrade:

    quae (vocabula) nunc situs premit,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118:

    nec premendo alium me extulisse velim,

    Liv. 22, 59, 10; cf. id. 39, 41, 1:

    premebat reum crimen,

    id. 3, 13, 1.—
    4.
    To compress, abridge, condense:

    haec enim, quae dilatantur a nobis, Zeno sic premebat,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20.—
    5.
    To check, arrest, repress, restrain:

    cursum ingenii tui, Brute, premit haec importuna clades civitatis,

    Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

    sub imo Corde gemitum,

    Verg. A. 10, 464:

    vocem,

    to be silent, id. ib. 9, 324:

    sermones vulgi,

    to restrain, Tac. A. 3, 6.—
    6.
    To store up, lay up in the mind, muse upon:

    (vocem) ab ore Eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit,

    Verg. A. 7, 119.—Hence, pressus, a, um, P. a.
    I.
    Moderate, slow, suppressed, kept down.
    A.
    Lit.:

    presso pede eos retro cedentes principes recipiebant,

    Liv. 8, 8, 9:

    presso gradu,

    id. 28, 14, 14; cf.:

    pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

    Ov. M. 3, 17.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Of the voice or manner, subdued:

    haec cum pressis et flebilibus modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam inferant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106.—
    2.
    Of color, lowered, depressed; hence, dark, gloomy:

    color pressus,

    Pall. 4, 13, 4:

    color viridi pressior,

    Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 32:

    spadices pressi,

    Serv. Verg. G. 3, 82.—
    II.
    Esp., of an orator or of speech.
    A.
    Compressed, concise, plain, without ornament (class.):

    fiunt pro grandibus tumidi, pressis exiles, fortibus temerarii, etc.,

    Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    cum Attici pressi et integri, contra Asiani inflati et inanes haberentur,

    id. 12, 10, 18.—Of style:

    pressa et tenuia, et quae minimum ab usu cotidiano recedant,

    Quint. 10, 1, 102:

    pressus et demissus stilus,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5; Quint. 4, 2, 117.— Comp.: in concionibus pressior, et circumscriptior, et adductior, more moderate, keeping more within bounds, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—
    B.
    Close, exact, accurate:

    Thucydides ita verbis aptus et pressus, ut,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56: quis te fuit umquam in partiundis rebus pressior? more exact, more accurate, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 364, 24:

    sicuti taxare pressius crebriusque est, quam tangere,

    Gell. 2, 6, 5:

    quod (periculum) observandum pressiore cautelā censeo,

    stricter, greater, App. M. 5, p. 160, 36:

    cogitationes pressiores,

    id. ib. 5, p. 163, 32.—So of sounds, precise, intelligible:

    (lingua) vocem profusam fingit atque sonos vocis distinctos et pressos facit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—Hence, adv.: pressē, with pressure, violently (class.): artius pressiusque conflictata, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 10, 6, 2.—
    B.
    Closely, tightly.
    1.
    Lit.:

    vites pressius putare,

    Pall. 12, 9:

    pressius colla radere,

    Veg. Vet. 1, 56.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Of pronunciation, shortly, neatly, trimly:

    loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, sed presse, et aequabiliter, et leniter,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; id. Off. 1, 37, 133.—
    b.
    Of the mode of expression, etc., concisely, not diffusely:

    definire presse et anguste,

    Cic. Or. 33, 117:

    abundanter dicere, an presse,

    Quint. 8, 3, 40:

    pressius et astrictius scripsi,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10.—
    (β).
    Without ornament, simply:

    unum (genus oratorum) attenuate presseque, alterum sublate ampleque dicentium,

    Cic. Brut. 55, 202:

    aliquid describere modo pressius, modo elatius,

    Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 3.—
    (γ).
    Closely, exactly, correctly, accurately:

    mihi placet agi subtilius, et pressius,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24:

    definiunt pressius,

    id. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:

    anquisitius, et exactius pressiusque disserere,

    Gell. 1, 3, 21.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > premo

  • 7 obscūrō

        obscūrō āvī, ātus, āre    [obscurus], to render dark, darken, obscure: obscuratur luce solis lumen lucernae: caelum nocte obscuratum, S.: volucres Aethera obscurant pennis, V.: obscuratus sol, eclipsed.—To hide, conceal, cover, shroud, darken, veil: neque nox tenebris obscurare coetūs nefarios potest: caput obscurante lacernā, H.: dolo ipsi obscurati, kept out of sight, S.—Fig., of speech, to obscure, render indistinct, express indistinctly: nihil dicendo.—To render unknown, bury in oblivion: fortuna res celebrat obscuratque, S.—To suppress, hide, conceal: tuas laudes.—To cause to be forgotten, render insignificant: periculi magnitudinem: eorum memoria sensim obscurata est: obscurata vocabula, obsolete, H.
    * * *
    obscurare, obscuravi, obscuratus V
    darken, obscure; conceal; make indistinct; cause to be forgotten

    Latin-English dictionary > obscūrō

  • 8 suffundo

    suffundere, suffudi, suffusus V
    pour in/on; cause to well up to surface; cover/fill with liquid that wells up

    Latin-English dictionary > suffundo

  • 9 compleo

    com-plĕo ( conp-), ēvi, ētum, 2 (contr. forms: complerunt, complerint, complerat, complesse, etc., for compleverunt, etc., very often), v. a. [pleo, whence suppleo, plenus], to fill up, fill full, fill out (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Lit., of material objects.
    A.
    In gen., with acc. of place, vessel, etc., filled.
    (α).
    Alone:

    hostes fossam complent,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Auct. B. Hisp. 16; Tac. H. 2, 25:

    tune aut inane quicquam putes esse, cum ita conpleta et conferta sint omnia, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

    metu, ne compleantur navigia,

    Liv. 41, 3, 2:

    deducunt socii navis et litora conplent,

    Verg. A. 3, 71:

    conplebant Laidos aedes (amatores),

    Prop. 2, 6, 1:

    corpora quae loca complerent,

    occupy space, Lucr. 1, 522:

    legiones cum loca Camporum complent,

    id. 2, 324:

    milites complent murum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 27:

    vigiles domum Flavii complevere,

    Tac. H. 3, 69; id. A. 15, 33:

    scrobem ad medium,

    Col. Arb. 4, 5:

    non bene urnam,

    Ov. M. 12, 616:

    vascula,

    Quint. 1, 2, 28:

    paginam,

    to fill out, write full, Cic. Att. 13, 34 fin.:

    speluncas, of the winds,

    Lucr. 6, 197.—
    (β).
    With abl. of material, etc.:

    fossas sarmentis et virgultis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 18:

    totum prope caelum... humano genere conpletum est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28:

    mundum animorum multitudine,

    id. Div. 2, 58, 119:

    bestiis omnium gentium circum conplere,

    Liv. 44, 9, 4:

    naufragorum trepidatione passim natantium flumen conpleverunt,

    id. 42, 62, 6:

    Hispanias Gallias Italiam monumentis ingentium rerum,

    id. 30, 28, 4:

    quos (gradus) ubi accusator concitatis hominibus complerat,

    Cic. Clu. 34, 93:

    munus Apolline dignum libris,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 217:

    late loca milite,

    Verg. A. 2, 495:

    naves serpentibus,

    Nep. Hann. 11, 6:

    amphoras plumbo,

    id. ib. 9, 3:

    statuas aëneas pecuniā,

    id. ib. 9, 3:

    horrea messibus,

    Luc. 3, 66:

    complentur moenia et tecta maerentium turbā,

    Tac. A. 3, 1:

    Palatium multitudine et clamoribus complebant,

    id. ib. 14, 61:

    virgultibus et cratibus et corporibus exanimis complere lossas,

    id. ib. 4, 51; cf.

    also: et terrae... stirpium renovatione complentur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 128.—
    (γ).
    With gen.:

    conviviumque vicinorum cottidie conpleo,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 46:

    cum completus jam mercatorum carcer esset,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

    quae causa... ararum conpleverit urbis,

    Lucr. 5, 1162.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    In milit. lang.
    a.
    To make the army, a legion, etc., of a full number, to complete, fill up:

    legiones in itinere,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 25:

    cohortes pro numero militum complet,

    Sall. C. 56, 1; Nep. Milt. 5, 1:

    legione completā per maniplos,

    Sil. 8, 119.—
    b.
    To man, fill with men:

    classem Romanam sociis navalibus,

    Liv. 24, 11, 9:

    naves colonis pastoribusque,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 56; cf.:

    has (naves) sagittariis tormentisque compleverunt,

    id. ib. 2, 4:

    naves bis denas aut plures,

    Verg. A. 11, 327 Serv.—
    2.
    To fill, impregnate:

    alias (mulieres),

    Lucr. 4, 1249; 4, 1275.—
    3.
    Transf., of light, sound, etc. (freq.).
    a.
    To fill with light, maké full:

    ut cuncta suā luce conpleat (sol),

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    mundum suā luce,

    id. N. D. 2, 46, 119:

    terras largā luce,

    id. ib. 2, 19, 43:

    orbem (luna),

    Tib. 2, 4, 18:

    lunae se cornua lumine complent,

    Verg. A. 3, 645:

    quod maria ac terras omnis caelumque rigando Conpleat (sol),

    Lucr. 5, 595.—
    b.
    To fill with sound, cause to resound, etc., to fill, make full:

    omnia clamoribus,

    Lucr. 4, 1014:

    omnia vocibus,

    id. 5, 1065:

    nemus querellis,

    id. 2, 358; cf.:

    nemus timendā voce,

    Hor. Epod. 6, 9:

    aëra tinnitibus et murmure,

    Ov. M. 14, 537:

    atria ululatu,

    id. ib. 5, 153:

    atria fremitu,

    id. ib. 5, 3 et saep.:

    fremitu aequora,

    Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 37:

    aures (sonus),

    Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf. id. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

    caelum clamore,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 798: aures sermonibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olyb. 31: clamor omnia variis terrentium ac paventium vocibus complet, Liv. 5, 21, 11.—
    c.
    Of odors, etc.:

    omnia primo motu ac spiritu suo, vini, unguenti, corporis odore complesset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 31; cf. Veg. Vet. 1, 17, 3. —
    4.
    Transf., to cover, overwhelm:

    Dianam (i. e. simulacrum) coronis et floribus,

    i. e. to deck, adorn, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77:

    vortentibus Telebois telis conplebantur corpora,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 95.—
    5.
    To fill, sate with food or drink:

    multo cibo et potione,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

    se flore Liberi,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8:

    haec avis scribitur conchis se solere conplere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 124.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To supply fully, furnish abundantly:

    exercitum omni copiā,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 25 fin. —
    B.
    To fill with any notion, story, desire, humor, passion:

    completi sunt animi auresque vestrae, me... obsistere, etc.,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

    reliquos (milites) bonā spe,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

    aliquem gaudio,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 69:

    taedio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 14:

    animos robore,

    Luc. 5, 412:

    omnia luctu,

    Sall. C. 51, 9:

    omnia terrore,

    Liv. 34, 9, 13:

    cuncta pavore,

    Curt. 3, 13, 10 al. —With gen.:

    aliquem erroris et dementiae,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 9:

    aliquem flagitii et formidinis,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 3.—
    C.
    To make complete or perfect, to finish; of a promise, to fulfil it:

    lustrationem (annuam) menstruo spatio (luna),

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87; cf. Verg. A. 5, 46:

    his rebus completis legiones reduci jussit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 46 (Dinter, ex conj., comparatis):

    nocturnum erat sacrum, ita ut ante mediam noctem conpleretur,

    Liv. 23, 35, 15:

    studia,

    Gell. 13, 5:

    conplent ea beatissimam vitam,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 71; cf. id. ib. 3, 13, 43; id. Tusc. 5, 16, 47:

    summam promissi,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 49, § 116:

    rerum humanarum sorte completā,

    Curt. 10, 6, 6 al. —
    2.
    Of time, to finish, complete:

    Gorgias centum et septem conplevit annos,

    Cic. Sen. 5, 13:

    cum VII. et LXX. annos complesset,

    Nep. Att. 21, 1:

    Corvinus centesimum annum complevit,

    Val. Max. 8, 13, 1; Lact. Op. Dei, 4, 3; cf.:

    sua fata,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 77:

    sua tempora,

    id. M. 15, 816:

    quinque saecula vitae suae,

    id. ib. 15, 395:

    materna tempora,

    i. e. the time of pregnancy, id. ib. 3, 312; cf. id. ib. 11, 311:

    semel quadrigis, semel desultore misso, vix unius horae tempus utrumque curriculum conplebat,

    Liv. 44, 9, 4.—Hence, complētus, a, um, P. a.
    * A.
    Prop., filled full, full: alveus Tiberis ruderibus, * Suet. Aug. 30.—
    B.
    Trop., complete, perfect:

    completus et perfectus verborum ambitus,

    Cic. Or. 50, 168.—
    * Comp., Gell. 1, 7, 20.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > compleo

  • 10 conpleo

    com-plĕo ( conp-), ēvi, ētum, 2 (contr. forms: complerunt, complerint, complerat, complesse, etc., for compleverunt, etc., very often), v. a. [pleo, whence suppleo, plenus], to fill up, fill full, fill out (class. in prose and poetry).
    I.
    Lit., of material objects.
    A.
    In gen., with acc. of place, vessel, etc., filled.
    (α).
    Alone:

    hostes fossam complent,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 40; Auct. B. Hisp. 16; Tac. H. 2, 25:

    tune aut inane quicquam putes esse, cum ita conpleta et conferta sint omnia, ut, etc.,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125:

    metu, ne compleantur navigia,

    Liv. 41, 3, 2:

    deducunt socii navis et litora conplent,

    Verg. A. 3, 71:

    conplebant Laidos aedes (amatores),

    Prop. 2, 6, 1:

    corpora quae loca complerent,

    occupy space, Lucr. 1, 522:

    legiones cum loca Camporum complent,

    id. 2, 324:

    milites complent murum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 27:

    vigiles domum Flavii complevere,

    Tac. H. 3, 69; id. A. 15, 33:

    scrobem ad medium,

    Col. Arb. 4, 5:

    non bene urnam,

    Ov. M. 12, 616:

    vascula,

    Quint. 1, 2, 28:

    paginam,

    to fill out, write full, Cic. Att. 13, 34 fin.:

    speluncas, of the winds,

    Lucr. 6, 197.—
    (β).
    With abl. of material, etc.:

    fossas sarmentis et virgultis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 18:

    totum prope caelum... humano genere conpletum est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 28:

    mundum animorum multitudine,

    id. Div. 2, 58, 119:

    bestiis omnium gentium circum conplere,

    Liv. 44, 9, 4:

    naufragorum trepidatione passim natantium flumen conpleverunt,

    id. 42, 62, 6:

    Hispanias Gallias Italiam monumentis ingentium rerum,

    id. 30, 28, 4:

    quos (gradus) ubi accusator concitatis hominibus complerat,

    Cic. Clu. 34, 93:

    munus Apolline dignum libris,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 217:

    late loca milite,

    Verg. A. 2, 495:

    naves serpentibus,

    Nep. Hann. 11, 6:

    amphoras plumbo,

    id. ib. 9, 3:

    statuas aëneas pecuniā,

    id. ib. 9, 3:

    horrea messibus,

    Luc. 3, 66:

    complentur moenia et tecta maerentium turbā,

    Tac. A. 3, 1:

    Palatium multitudine et clamoribus complebant,

    id. ib. 14, 61:

    virgultibus et cratibus et corporibus exanimis complere lossas,

    id. ib. 4, 51; cf.

    also: et terrae... stirpium renovatione complentur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 128.—
    (γ).
    With gen.:

    conviviumque vicinorum cottidie conpleo,

    Cic. Sen. 14, 46:

    cum completus jam mercatorum carcer esset,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 57, § 147:

    quae causa... ararum conpleverit urbis,

    Lucr. 5, 1162.—
    B.
    Esp.
    1.
    In milit. lang.
    a.
    To make the army, a legion, etc., of a full number, to complete, fill up:

    legiones in itinere,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 25:

    cohortes pro numero militum complet,

    Sall. C. 56, 1; Nep. Milt. 5, 1:

    legione completā per maniplos,

    Sil. 8, 119.—
    b.
    To man, fill with men:

    classem Romanam sociis navalibus,

    Liv. 24, 11, 9:

    naves colonis pastoribusque,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 56; cf.:

    has (naves) sagittariis tormentisque compleverunt,

    id. ib. 2, 4:

    naves bis denas aut plures,

    Verg. A. 11, 327 Serv.—
    2.
    To fill, impregnate:

    alias (mulieres),

    Lucr. 4, 1249; 4, 1275.—
    3.
    Transf., of light, sound, etc. (freq.).
    a.
    To fill with light, maké full:

    ut cuncta suā luce conpleat (sol),

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    mundum suā luce,

    id. N. D. 2, 46, 119:

    terras largā luce,

    id. ib. 2, 19, 43:

    orbem (luna),

    Tib. 2, 4, 18:

    lunae se cornua lumine complent,

    Verg. A. 3, 645:

    quod maria ac terras omnis caelumque rigando Conpleat (sol),

    Lucr. 5, 595.—
    b.
    To fill with sound, cause to resound, etc., to fill, make full:

    omnia clamoribus,

    Lucr. 4, 1014:

    omnia vocibus,

    id. 5, 1065:

    nemus querellis,

    id. 2, 358; cf.:

    nemus timendā voce,

    Hor. Epod. 6, 9:

    aëra tinnitibus et murmure,

    Ov. M. 14, 537:

    atria ululatu,

    id. ib. 5, 153:

    atria fremitu,

    id. ib. 5, 3 et saep.:

    fremitu aequora,

    Prop. 2, 16 (3, 8), 37:

    aures (sonus),

    Cic. Rep. 6, 18, 18; cf. id. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

    caelum clamore,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 798: aures sermonibus, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Olyb. 31: clamor omnia variis terrentium ac paventium vocibus complet, Liv. 5, 21, 11.—
    c.
    Of odors, etc.:

    omnia primo motu ac spiritu suo, vini, unguenti, corporis odore complesset,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 12, § 31; cf. Veg. Vet. 1, 17, 3. —
    4.
    Transf., to cover, overwhelm:

    Dianam (i. e. simulacrum) coronis et floribus,

    i. e. to deck, adorn, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77:

    vortentibus Telebois telis conplebantur corpora,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 95.—
    5.
    To fill, sate with food or drink:

    multo cibo et potione,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 35, 100:

    se flore Liberi,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 8:

    haec avis scribitur conchis se solere conplere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 124.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To supply fully, furnish abundantly:

    exercitum omni copiā,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 25 fin. —
    B.
    To fill with any notion, story, desire, humor, passion:

    completi sunt animi auresque vestrae, me... obsistere, etc.,

    Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

    reliquos (milites) bonā spe,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 21:

    aliquem gaudio,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 69:

    taedio,

    Quint. 8, 6, 14:

    animos robore,

    Luc. 5, 412:

    omnia luctu,

    Sall. C. 51, 9:

    omnia terrore,

    Liv. 34, 9, 13:

    cuncta pavore,

    Curt. 3, 13, 10 al. —With gen.:

    aliquem erroris et dementiae,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 9:

    aliquem flagitii et formidinis,

    id. Men. 5, 5, 3.—
    C.
    To make complete or perfect, to finish; of a promise, to fulfil it:

    lustrationem (annuam) menstruo spatio (luna),

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87; cf. Verg. A. 5, 46:

    his rebus completis legiones reduci jussit,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 46 (Dinter, ex conj., comparatis):

    nocturnum erat sacrum, ita ut ante mediam noctem conpleretur,

    Liv. 23, 35, 15:

    studia,

    Gell. 13, 5:

    conplent ea beatissimam vitam,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 71; cf. id. ib. 3, 13, 43; id. Tusc. 5, 16, 47:

    summam promissi,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 49, § 116:

    rerum humanarum sorte completā,

    Curt. 10, 6, 6 al. —
    2.
    Of time, to finish, complete:

    Gorgias centum et septem conplevit annos,

    Cic. Sen. 5, 13:

    cum VII. et LXX. annos complesset,

    Nep. Att. 21, 1:

    Corvinus centesimum annum complevit,

    Val. Max. 8, 13, 1; Lact. Op. Dei, 4, 3; cf.:

    sua fata,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 77:

    sua tempora,

    id. M. 15, 816:

    quinque saecula vitae suae,

    id. ib. 15, 395:

    materna tempora,

    i. e. the time of pregnancy, id. ib. 3, 312; cf. id. ib. 11, 311:

    semel quadrigis, semel desultore misso, vix unius horae tempus utrumque curriculum conplebat,

    Liv. 44, 9, 4.—Hence, complētus, a, um, P. a.
    * A.
    Prop., filled full, full: alveus Tiberis ruderibus, * Suet. Aug. 30.—
    B.
    Trop., complete, perfect:

    completus et perfectus verborum ambitus,

    Cic. Or. 50, 168.—
    * Comp., Gell. 1, 7, 20.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conpleo

  • 11 inumbro

    ĭn-umbro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to cast a shadow upon, to shade (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; syn. opaco).
    I.
    Lit.:

    terraque inumbratur,

    Lucr. 5, 289:

    toros obtentu frondis,

    Verg. A. 11, 66:

    forum velis,

    Plin. 19, 1, 6, § 24; Curt. 3, 4, 9; Quint. 12, 10, 60.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To cause darkness:

    inumbrante vespera,

    Tac. H. 3, 19.—
    2.
    To cover:

    ora coronis,

    Lucr. 3, 913:

    pubem pallio,

    App. M. 10, p. 254: ante genas quam flos juvenilis inumbret, Claud. Prob. et Olyb. 69.—
    3.
    To mark the shadows upon, to mark out, lay out (anteclass.):

    solarium,

    Varr. L. L. 6, § 4 Müll. —
    II.
    Trop., to obscure:

    imperatoris adventu legatorum dignitas inumbratur,

    Plin. Pan. 19, 1:

    inumbrata quies,

    apparent, Dig. 41, 2, 18, § 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > inumbro

  • 12 obfundo

    offundo ( obf-), ūdi, ūsum, 3, v. a. [obundo]. [p. 1261]
    I.
    To pour before or around; to pour out, pour down (class.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    cibum (avibus),

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 64; id. Trin. 4, 3, 84.—
    2.
    Transf., mid., to pour itself out; to spread, extend:

    ut piscibus aqua, nobis aër crassus offunditur,

    i. e. surrounds us, Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81:

    rubor gravissimis quoque viris offunditur,

    Sen. Ep. 11, 3:

    cum ignis oculorum cum eo igne, qui est ob os offusus, se confudit,

    Cic. Univ. 14:

    asinus offunditur,

    tumbles down, App. M. p. 144, 23. —
    B.
    Trop., to pour or spread out any thing over a person or thing:

    quasi noctem quandam rebus offundere,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

    haec indoctorum animis offusa caligo est,

    id. Tusc. 5, 2, 6:

    tamquam si offusa rei publicae sempiterna nox esset,

    id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

    omnium rerum terrorem oculis et auribus,

    Liv. 28, 29:

    caliginem oculis,

    id. 26, 45:

    pavorem incompositis,

    id. 10, 5:

    errorem alicui,

    to cause, id. 34, 6: quibus tenebris est offusa hominis cogitatio, Lact. de Ira, 1, 5; id. Inst. 7. 24, 7.—
    II.
    To spread over, i. e. to cover a thing with something.
    A.
    Lit.:

    ut obscuratur et offunditur luce solis lumen lucernae,

    eclipsed, Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 45:

    oculi clarissimā in luce tenebris offusi,

    Val. Max. 2, 7, 6.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    offusus pavore,

    overcome, Tac. A. 11, 31:

    Marcellorum meum pectus memoria obfudit,

    has filled, Cic. Marcell. 4, 10 dub.:

    non existimare se tantis tenebris offusam esse rem pnblicam,

    Val. Max. 3, 8, 3; 2, 7, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obfundo

  • 13 offundo

    offundo ( obf-), ūdi, ūsum, 3, v. a. [obundo]. [p. 1261]
    I.
    To pour before or around; to pour out, pour down (class.).
    A.
    Lit.:

    cibum (avibus),

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 64; id. Trin. 4, 3, 84.—
    2.
    Transf., mid., to pour itself out; to spread, extend:

    ut piscibus aqua, nobis aër crassus offunditur,

    i. e. surrounds us, Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81:

    rubor gravissimis quoque viris offunditur,

    Sen. Ep. 11, 3:

    cum ignis oculorum cum eo igne, qui est ob os offusus, se confudit,

    Cic. Univ. 14:

    asinus offunditur,

    tumbles down, App. M. p. 144, 23. —
    B.
    Trop., to pour or spread out any thing over a person or thing:

    quasi noctem quandam rebus offundere,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 3, 6:

    haec indoctorum animis offusa caligo est,

    id. Tusc. 5, 2, 6:

    tamquam si offusa rei publicae sempiterna nox esset,

    id. Rosc. Am. 32, 91:

    omnium rerum terrorem oculis et auribus,

    Liv. 28, 29:

    caliginem oculis,

    id. 26, 45:

    pavorem incompositis,

    id. 10, 5:

    errorem alicui,

    to cause, id. 34, 6: quibus tenebris est offusa hominis cogitatio, Lact. de Ira, 1, 5; id. Inst. 7. 24, 7.—
    II.
    To spread over, i. e. to cover a thing with something.
    A.
    Lit.:

    ut obscuratur et offunditur luce solis lumen lucernae,

    eclipsed, Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 45:

    oculi clarissimā in luce tenebris offusi,

    Val. Max. 2, 7, 6.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    offusus pavore,

    overcome, Tac. A. 11, 31:

    Marcellorum meum pectus memoria obfudit,

    has filled, Cic. Marcell. 4, 10 dub.:

    non existimare se tantis tenebris offusam esse rem pnblicam,

    Val. Max. 3, 8, 3; 2, 7, 6.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > offundo

  • 14 perfundo

    per-fundo, fūdi, fūsum, 3, v. a., to pour over, to wet, moisten, bedew, besprinkle (class.; syn.: umecto, aspergo, imbuo).
    I.
    Lit.:

    aquā ferventi Philodamus perfunditur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 67:

    fluviis pecus,

    Verg. G. 3, 445:

    greges flumine,

    id. ib. 2, 147:

    perfusus liquidis odoribus,

    Hor. C. 1, 5, 2: postquam perfusus est, had bathed, Auct. Her. 4, 10, 14:

    panis perfusus aquā frigidā,

    Suet. Aug. 77:

    pisces olivo,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 50:

    aliquem lacrimis,

    Ov. H. 11, 115; so, poet.:

    Aurorae lacrimis perfusus,

    living far in the East, Sil. 3, 332:

    perfundi nardo,

    Hor. Epod. 13, 9:

    boves hic perfunduntur,

    bathe themselves, Varr. R. R. 1, 13, 3; Plin. 18, 7, 14, § 72.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    To pour into any thing (post-Aug.):

    sextarios musti in vas,

    Col. 12, 24, 3.—
    2.
    To cause to flow out, i. e. to knock out an eye (post-class.):

    ut oculus puero perfunderetur,

    Dig. 9, 2, 5, § 3 dub. (al. perfodere or effundere).—
    3.
    Of perspiration or of streams, to pour or flow over, to drench, bathe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    ossaque et artus Perfundit toto proruptus corpore sudor,

    Verg. A. 7, 459:

    tot amnium fontiumque ubertas totam Italiam perfundens,

    Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 41:

    Venafrano (oleo) piscem perfundere,

    Juv. 5, 86.—
    4.
    Of garments, to steep, dye ( poet.):

    ostro Perfusae vestes,

    steeped in purple, Verg. A. 5, 112.—
    5.
    To scatter or sprinkle over, to besprinkle, bestrew ( poet.):

    canitiem immundo perfusam pulvere turpans,

    Verg. A. 12, 611:

    sanguine currum,

    Verg. A. 11, 88:

    penates sanguine,

    Ov. M. 5, 155:

    Lethaeo perfusa papavera somno,

    Verg. G. 1, 78:

    scena perfusa croco,

    Lucr. 2, 416.—
    6.
    To cover ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    omne genus perfusa coloribus,

    Lucr. 2, 821:

    auro tecta,

    Sen. Ep. 115, 9:

    pedes amictu,

    Mart. 7, 33, 3.—
    7.
    Of the sun's beams or fire, to flood or fill ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    sol perfundens omnia luce,

    Lucr. 2, 148; cf. Luc. 7, 215:

    cubiculum plurimo sole perfunditur,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 24:

    campos lumine (facis),

    Sil. 10, 558.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To imbue, inspire, fill with any thing (class.):

    ad perfundendum animum tamquam illiquefactae voluptates,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 9, 20:

    sensus jucunditate quādam perfunditur,

    id. Fin. 2, 3, 6:

    sensus dulcedine omni quasi perfusi,

    id. ib. 2, 34, 114:

    di immortales, qui me horror perfudit!

    id. Att. 8, 6, 3:

    laetitiā,

    id. Fin. 5, 24, 70:

    gaudio,

    Liv. 30, 16:

    timore,

    id. 2, 63.—
    2.
    In partic., to fill with the apprehension of any thing, i. e. to disturb, disquiet, alarm:

    nos judicio perfundere,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80:

    litora bello rapido,

    Sil. 15, 301; cf.:

    (Mars) perfusus pectora tempestate belli,

    Stat. Th. 3, 228. —
    B.
    To imbue slightly, make superficially acquainted with any thing (the fig. being borrowed from dyeing;

    post-Aug.): perseveret perbibere liberalia studia, non illa, quibus perfundi satis est, sed haec, quibus tingendus est animus,

    Sen. Ep. 36, 3; cf.:

    acceperit: si illā (notitiā) se non perfuderit, sed infecerit,

    id. ib. 110, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > perfundo

  • 15 saturo

    sătŭro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [satur], to fill, glut, cloy, satiate (rare but class.; syn. satio).
    I.
    Lit.:

    animalia duce naturā mammas appetunt earumque ubertate saturantur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 128:

    armenta,

    Verg. A. 8, 213:

    nec cytiso saturantur apes,

    id. E. 10, 30:

    caede leones,

    Ov. M. 10, 541; id. Am. 2, 16, 25:

    testudines,

    Plin. 9, 10, 12, § 36:

    saturabat glebula talis Patrem ipsum,

    Juv. 14, 166:

    famem,

    i. e. to satisfy, appease, Claud. Phoen. 13; Vulg. Deut. 14, 29 et saep. —
    B.
    Transf., in gen., to fill, furnish abundantly, saturate with a thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    nec saturare fimo pingui pudeat sola,

    Verg. G. 1, 80:

    novalia stercore,

    Col. 2, 9, 15:

    betam multo stercore,

    Pall. Febr. 24, 10:

    jejunia terrae fimo, Col. poët. 10, 82: culta aquis,

    i. e. to water, irrigate, Mart. 8, 28, 4; cf.: pallam Tyrio murice, to saturate, to dye or color richly, Ov. M. 11, 166; Mart. 8, 48, 5; Claud. in Ruf. 1, 208:

    capillum multo amomo,

    to anoint, Stat. S. 3, 4, 82:

    tabulas pice,

    to smear, cover, Vitr. 10, 11 fin.; cf.:

    aditus murium querno cinere,

    Pall. 1, 35, 11:

    horrea,

    to fill, stuff, Lucil. Aetn. 266.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to fill, satisfy, content, sate:

    mens erecta saturataque bonarum cogitationum epulis,

    Cic. Div. 1, 29, 61:

    homines saturati honoribus,

    id. Planc. 8, 20:

    ex eorum agris atque urbibus expleti atque saturati cum hoc cumulo quaestus decederent,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 42, § 100:

    saturavi perfidiam et scelus proditorum,

    id. Dom. 17, 44; Cat. 64, 220:

    saturavit se sanguine civium,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 59:

    crudelitatem,

    to satisfy, sate, id. Vatin. 3, 6.—In a Gr. construction: Juno necdum antiquum saturata dolorem, not yet satisfied or assuaged, Verg. A. 5, 608.—
    * B.
    In partic., subject. (for the usu. satio), to cause to loathe, to make weary of or disgusted with a thing: hae res vitae me saturant, * Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 18.—Hence, sătŭ-rātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I. B.); of color, full, rich:

    color saturatior,

    Plin. 21, 8, 22, § 46.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > saturo

  • 16 spumo

    spūmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [spuma].
    I.
    Neutr., to foam, froth ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose): caeruleum spumat sale, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26 (Ann. v. 378 Vahl.):

    maria salsa spumant sanguine,

    id. Non. 183, 19 (Trag. v. 145 ib.):

    fluctu spumabant caerula cano,

    Verg. A. 8, 672:

    adductis spumant freta versa lacertis,

    id. ib. 5, 141; cf. Lucr. 3, 493:

    spumans aper,

    Verg. A. 4, 158; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 243: Amasenus spumabat, [p. 1748] Verg. A. 11, 548:

    equus spumat habenis,

    Luc. 6, 399:

    pocula bina novo spumantia lacte,

    Verg. E. 5, 67:

    patera,

    id. A. 1, 739; cf.:

    spumat plenis vindemia labris,

    id. G. 2, 6:

    spumans bilis,

    Cels. 7, 23; Plin. 32, 7, 25, § 78:

    terra respersa aceto spumat,

    foams up, boils up, effervesces, Cels. 5, 27, 4:

    frena spumantia,

    covered with foam, Verg. A. 4, 135; 5, 817:

    mella,

    id. G. 4, 140:

    sanguis,

    id. A. 9, 456.—Of an angry person:

    spumantibus ardens visceribus,

    Juv. 13, 14. —
    II. * A.
    Lit.: saxa salis niveo spumata liquore, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 7, 13.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    ex ore scelus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 1, 282.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > spumo

  • 17 stagnantia

    1.
    stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.].
    I.
    Neutr.
    A.
    Lit., to form a pool of standing water, to stagnate, be stagnant (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; cf.

    redundo): stagnans Nilus,

    Verg. G. 4, 288:

    ubi mollius solum reperit (Indus) stagnat insulasque molitur,

    Curt. 8, 9, 7:

    nam flumen, quo latius fusum est, hoc placidius stagnat,

    id. 9, 2, 17:

    aquae stagnantes,

    id. 8, 13, 9:

    stagnantibus undis,

    Sil. 5, 95:

    Nili aquae, ubi evagatae stagnant,

    Plin. 13, 11, 22, § 71; 31, 3, 21, § 31:

    stagnante Pado,

    Luc. 4, 134.—
    B.
    Transf., of places which lie under water, to be overflowed or inundated: moenia oppidi stagnabant redundantibus cloacis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 138, 7:

    paludibus orbis,

    Ov. M. 1, 324:

    ripae,

    Sil. 10, 89:

    terra caede,

    id. 6, 36:

    solum,

    Plin. 17, 26, 40, § 249:

    regna sanguine,

    Sil. 12, 43.— Subst.: stagnantĭa, ium, n., inundated places:

    terrae motus fervens in umidis, fluctuans in stagnantibus,

    Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 193.—
    II.
    Act.
    A.
    Lit., to cause to stand, to make stagnant:

    quo (bitumine) aqua omnis (Maris Mortui) stagnatur,

    Just. 36, 3, 7:

    Cecropio stagnata luto,

    Stat. S. 3, 20, 110.—
    B.
    Transf., to cover with water, to overflow, inundate a place:

    Tiberis plana Urbis stagnaverat,

    Tac. A. 1, 76:

    (loca) stagnata paludibus ument,

    Ov. M. 15, 269; Col. poët. 10, 11.
    2.
    stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [stagnum = stannum; cf. stagneus, s. v. stanneus].
    I.
    Lit., to overlay or plate with stannum (post-class.), Plin. Val. 1, 31 med.; 3, 4 med. —
    II.
    Trop., to make fast, strengthen, fortify:

    se adversus insidias,

    Just. 37, 2, 6:

    potionibus stagnata animalia,

    strengthened, invigorated, Veg. 1, 18 fin.; 3, 2, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stagnantia

  • 18 stagno

    1.
    stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [id.].
    I.
    Neutr.
    A.
    Lit., to form a pool of standing water, to stagnate, be stagnant (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic.; cf.

    redundo): stagnans Nilus,

    Verg. G. 4, 288:

    ubi mollius solum reperit (Indus) stagnat insulasque molitur,

    Curt. 8, 9, 7:

    nam flumen, quo latius fusum est, hoc placidius stagnat,

    id. 9, 2, 17:

    aquae stagnantes,

    id. 8, 13, 9:

    stagnantibus undis,

    Sil. 5, 95:

    Nili aquae, ubi evagatae stagnant,

    Plin. 13, 11, 22, § 71; 31, 3, 21, § 31:

    stagnante Pado,

    Luc. 4, 134.—
    B.
    Transf., of places which lie under water, to be overflowed or inundated: moenia oppidi stagnabant redundantibus cloacis, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 138, 7:

    paludibus orbis,

    Ov. M. 1, 324:

    ripae,

    Sil. 10, 89:

    terra caede,

    id. 6, 36:

    solum,

    Plin. 17, 26, 40, § 249:

    regna sanguine,

    Sil. 12, 43.— Subst.: stagnantĭa, ium, n., inundated places:

    terrae motus fervens in umidis, fluctuans in stagnantibus,

    Plin. 2, 80, 82, § 193.—
    II.
    Act.
    A.
    Lit., to cause to stand, to make stagnant:

    quo (bitumine) aqua omnis (Maris Mortui) stagnatur,

    Just. 36, 3, 7:

    Cecropio stagnata luto,

    Stat. S. 3, 20, 110.—
    B.
    Transf., to cover with water, to overflow, inundate a place:

    Tiberis plana Urbis stagnaverat,

    Tac. A. 1, 76:

    (loca) stagnata paludibus ument,

    Ov. M. 15, 269; Col. poët. 10, 11.
    2.
    stagno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [stagnum = stannum; cf. stagneus, s. v. stanneus].
    I.
    Lit., to overlay or plate with stannum (post-class.), Plin. Val. 1, 31 med.; 3, 4 med. —
    II.
    Trop., to make fast, strengthen, fortify:

    se adversus insidias,

    Just. 37, 2, 6:

    potionibus stagnata animalia,

    strengthened, invigorated, Veg. 1, 18 fin.; 3, 2, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > stagno

  • 19 superinduco

    sŭpĕr-indūco, xi, ctum, 3, v. a.
    I.
    Lit., to draw over, cover over (post-Aug.):

    corpus,

    Quint. 5, 8, 2 N. cr.:

    terram,

    Plin. 15, 17, 18, § 61:

    tabellas cerā delitā,

    Just. 2, 10, 14.—
    II.
    To cause to come upon, to bring upon:

    eis principes,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 33, 11:

    in nos magnum malum,

    id. Dan. 9, 12.—
    III.
    Trop., to mention afterwards, to add:

    dispositionem caeli,

    Tert. adv. Herm. 26.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > superinduco

  • 20 umbra

    umbra, ae, f. [etym. dub.; Curt. compares Sanscr. ambara, an encircling], a shade, shadow.
    I.
    Lit.:

    cum usque quaque umbra est, tamen Sol semper hic est,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 79:

    illa platanus, cujus umbram secutus est Socrates,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 28:

    fiebat, ut incideret luna in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 14, 22; cf. id. Div. 2, 6, 17:

    colles... afferunt umbram vallibus,

    id. Rep. 2, 6, 11:

    nox Involvens umbrā magnā terramque polumque,

    Verg. A. 2, 251:

    spissis noctis se condidit umbris,

    id. ib. 2, 621:

    majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

    id. E. 1, 84; 5, 70:

    pampineae,

    id. ib. 7, 58:

    certum est mihi, quasi umbra, quoquo ibis tu, te persequi,

    Plaut. Cas. 1, 4; cf. id. Most. 3, 2, 82.—Prov.: umbras timere, to be afraid of shadows, i. e. to fear without cause, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4:

    umbram suam metuere,

    Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 2, 9:

    ipse meas solus, quod nil est, aemulor umbras,

    Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 19.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In painting, the dark part of a painting, shade, shadow:

    quam multa vident pictores in umbris et in eminentiā, quae nos non videmus!

    Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20; so (opp. lumen) Plin. 35, 5, 11, § 29; 35, 11, 40, § 131; 33, 3, 57, § 163.—
    2.
    A shade, ghost of a dead person ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.:

    Manes, Lemures): nos ubi decidimus, Quo dives Tullus et Ancus, Pulvis et umbra sumus,

    Hor. C. 4, 7, 16:

    ne forte animas Acherunte reamur Effugere aut umbras inter vivos volitare,

    Lucr. 4, 38; cf.:

    cornea (porta), quā veris facilis datur exitus umbris,

    Verg. A. 6, 894; Tib. 3, 2, 9; Verg. A. 5, 734; Hor. C. 2, 13, 30; id. S. 1, 8, 41; Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 18; Suet. Calig. 59 al.:

    Umbrarum rex,

    i. e. Pluto, Ov. M. 7, 249; so,

    dominus,

    id. ib. 10, 16.— In the plur. umbrae, of a single dead person:

    matris agitabitur umbris,

    Ov. M. 9, 410; 8, 476; 6, 541; Verg. A. 6, 510; 10, 519 al.—
    3.
    Like the Greek skia, an uninvited guest, whom an invited one brings with him (cf. parasitus), Hor. S. 2, 8, 22; id. Ep. 1, 5, 28; Plaut. Pers. 2, 4, 27; so, of an attendant:

    luxuriae,

    Cic. Mur. 6, 13.—
    4.
    A shade, shady place, that which gives a shade or shadow (as a tree, house, tent, etc; poet.);

    of trees: nudus Arboris Othrys erat nec habebat Pelion umbras,

    Ov. M. 12, 513; so id. ib. 10, 88; 10, 90; 14, 447; Verg. G. 1, 157, id. E. 9, 20; 5, 5; Sil. 4, 681:

    Pompeiā spatiabere cultus in umbrā,

    i. e. in the Pompeian portico, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 75; so,

    Pompeia,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 67; 3, 387:

    vacuā tonsoris in umbrā,

    in the cool barber's shop, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 50:

    studia in umbrā educata,

    in the closet, study, Tac. A. 14, 53; cf.:

    rhetorica,

    i. e. the rhetorician's school, Juv. 7, 173:

    dum roseis venit umbra genis,

    i. e. down, beard, Stat. Th. 4, 336; cf.: dubia lanuginis, Claud. Nupt. Pall. et Celer. 42: nunc umbra nudata sua jam tempora moerent, i. e. of hair, Petr. poët. 109: summae cassidis umbra, i. e. the plume or crest, Stat. Th. 6, 226:

    sed non erat illi Arcus et ex umeris nullae fulgentibus umbrae,

    i. e. quivers, id. S. 3, 4, 30.—
    5.
    A fish, called also sciaena; a grayling, umber: Salmo thymallus, Linn.; Enn. ap. App. Mag. p. 299 (Heduph. v. 7 Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 5, § 77 Müll.; Ov. Hal. 111; Col. 8, 16, 8; Aus. Idyll. 10, 90.—
    II.
    Trop., like the Engl. shadow or shade.
    A.
    Opp. to substance or reality, a trace, obscure sign or image, faint appearance, imperfect copy or representation, semblance, pretence (cf. simulacrum):

    veri juris germanaeque justitiae solidam et expressam effigiem nullam tenemus, umbrā et imaginibus utimur,

    Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

    umbra et imago civitatis,

    id. Rep. 2, 30, 53:

    umbra et imago equitis Romani,

    id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: o hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram quidem umquam tou kalou viderit! id. Att. 7, 11, 1:

    in quo ipsam luxuriam reperire non potes, in eo te umbram luxuriae reperturum putas?

    id. Mur. 6, 13: in comoediā maxime claudicamus... vix levem consequimur umbram, Quint. 10, 1, 100:

    sub umbrā foederis aequi servitutem pati,

    Liv. 8, 4, 2:

    umbras falsae gloriae consectari,

    Cic. Pis. 24, 57:

    umbra es amantum magis quam amator,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 31:

    mendax pietatis umbra,

    Ov. M. 9, 459:

    libertatis,

    Luc. 3, 146:

    belli,

    Sil. 15, 316:

    umbras quasdam veritatis habere,

    Plin. 30, 2, 6, § 17; Claud. Laud. Stil. 1, 273.—
    B.
    Shelter, cover, protection:

    umbra et recessus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 26, 101:

    umbrā magni nominis delitescunt,

    Quint. 12, 10, 15:

    umbra vestri auxilii tegi possumus,

    Liv. 7, 30, 18:

    sub umbrā auxilii vestri latere volunt,

    id. 32, 21, 31:

    sub umbrā Romanae amicitiae latebant,

    id. 34, 9, 10:

    morum vitia sub umbrā eloquentiae primo latebant,

    Just. 5, 2, 7.—
    C.
    Rest, leisure:

    ignavā Veneris cessamus in umbrā,

    Ov. Am. 2, 18, 3; Albin. Ob. Maec. 98.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > umbra

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